Stir the flour, salt, yeast, and water together in a large bowl until just combined — the dough will be shaggy, not smooth.
Cover and let rest at room temperature for 12–18 hours, or overnight.
Turn the dough onto a floured surface and shape it into a rough ball. Let it rest, covered, for 30 minutes.
Meanwhile, place the empty Dutch oven (with lid) into the oven and preheat to 450°F for the last 30 minutes of the dough's rest.
Carefully drop the dough into the hot pot. Cover and bake 25 minutes.
Remove the lid and bake 15 minutes more, until the crust is deeply golden.
Cool on a rack at least 20 minutes before slicing.